Terining qarishida ovqatlanishning rolini aniqlash

Iltimos, murojaat qilingoscar.xiao@wecistanche.comqo'shimcha ma'lumot uchun

Annotatsiya:Ratsionning terining qarishiga ta'siri qiziqarli tadqiqot mavzusiga aylandi. Oldingi tadqiqotlar asosan dengiz organizmlaridan olingan kollagen peptidlarining og'iz orqali yuborilganda qarigan teriga foydali ta'siriga qaratilgan bo'lsa, parranda go'shtidan olingan kollagen peptidlarining qarigan teriga foydali ta'siri kamdan-kam hollarda qayd etilgan. Ushbu tadqiqotda tovuq suyagidan kollagen peptidlari fermentativ gidroliz orqali tayyorlangan va og'iz orqali yuborilgan kollagen peptidlarining D-galaktoza bilan birgalikda UV ta'sirida terining qarishini yumshatishga ta'siri va ta'sir mexanizmi o'rganilgan. Natijalar shuni ko'rsatdiki, tovuq suyagi kollagen kollagenning tipik xususiyatlariga ega va tovuq suyagi kollagen peptidlari (CPs) asosan molekulyar og'irligi bo'lgan kichik molekulyar peptidlar edi.<3000 da.="" in="" vivo="" experiments="" showed="" that="" cps="" had="" a="" significant="" relieving="" effect="" on="" aging="" skin,="" indicated="" by="" the="" changes="" in="" the="" compostion="" and="" structure="" of="" the="" aging="" skin,="" improvement="" of="" skin="" antioxidant="" level,="" and="" inhibition="" of="" inflammation;="" the="" relieving="" effect="" was="" positively="" correlated="" with="" the="" dose="" of="" cps.="" further="" investigation="" showed="" that="" cps="" first="" reduce="" the="" level="" of="" skin="" oxidation,inhibit="" the="" expression="" of="" the="" key="" transcription="" factor="" ap-1(c-jun="" and="" c-fos),="" then="" activate="" the="" tgf-β/smad="" signaling="" pathway="" to="" promote="" collagen="" synthesis,="" inhibit="" the="" expression="" of="" mmp-1/3="" to="" inhibit="" collagen="" degradation,and="" inhibit="" skin="" inflammation="" to="" alleviate="" skin="" aging="" in="" mice.="" moreover,="" the="" skin="" transcriptome="" found="" that="" lysosomes="" activated="" after="" oral="" administration="" of="" cps="" may="" be="" an="" important="" pathway="" for="" cps="" in="" anti-skin="" aging,="" and="" is="" worthy="" of="" further="" research.="" these="" results="" suggested="" that="" cps="" might="" be="" used="" as="" a="" functional="" anti-aging="" nutritional="">

Iltimos, ko'proq bilish uchun shu yerni bosing

Kalit so‘zlar:kollagen peptidlari; qarishga qarshi; teri transkriptomiyasi;kollagen sintezilizosomalar

1.Kirish

Salomatlik davri, sog'lom ovqatlanishga to'g'ri rioya qilish, terining qarishida ovqatlanishning rolini aniqlash va terining yosh va sog'lom bo'lishini ta'minlash uchun qanday ovqatlanish kerakligini hal qilish qiyin muammolardir. Teri tananing eng katta organi bo'lib, epidermis, dermis va teri osti qatlamidan iborat. U tanani tashqi omillardan himoya qilish uchun to'siq bo'lib, salomatlik va go'zallikda rol o'ynaydi[1. Terining qarishi murakkab jarayon bo'lib, u xronologik qarish va foto-qarishga bo'linadi va ichki va tashqi omillar ta'sir qiladi.cistanche poyasiAsosiy xususiyatlar hujayrada makromolekulyar shikastlanishning to'planishi, ildiz hujayra funktsiyasining pasayishi (to'qimalarning yangilanishini rag'batlantirish) va terining jismoniy yaxlitligini asta-sekin yo'qotishdir [2]. Terining qarishini keltirib chiqaradigan asosiy molekulyar mexanizmlar asosan oksidlovchi stress, telomerlarning qisqarishi, DNKning shikastlanishi, genetik mutatsiya, mikro-RNK regulyatsiyasi, glikatsiyaning yakuniy mahsuloti to'planishi va yallig'lanishning qarishi 3]. Foto-qarish - bu ultrabinafsha nurlanish ta'sirida terining epidermal giperplaziyasi, qurishi va hujayradan tashqari matritsaning degradatsiyasi. Foto-qarishning asosiy sababi - mitogen bilan faollashtirilgan protein kinaz (MAPK) signalizatsiyasi kabi signal yo'llari orqali matritsali metalloproteinazalar (MMPs) va I-toifa pro-kollagenning ifodalanishiga vositachilik qiluvchi ultrabinafsha nurlanish ta'sirida hosil bo'lgan reaktiv kislorod turlari (ROS). yo'l, bu teridagi hujayradan tashqari matritsaning (ECM) degradatsiyasiga va fibroblastlarning apoptoziga olib keladi [4]. So'nggi yillarda terining sog'lig'ini saqlash va qarishni kechiktirish mashhur bo'lib, antioksidant va qarishga qarshi funktsiyalarga ega bioaktiv peptidlar va polifenollar kabi tabiiy ingredientlarni topish tadqiqot nuqtasiga aylandi [5].

Cistanche qarishga qarshi bo'lishi mumkin

Biroq, kollagen katta molekulyar og'irlikka ega va to'g'ridan-to'g'ri so'rilishi va ishlatilishi qiyin, holbuki kollagen gidrolizidan keyin kichik molekulyar kollagen peptidlari kuchliroq biologik faollikka va yuqori so'rilish tezligiga ega [6]. Shu bilan birga, kollagenning oziq-ovqat, tibbiyot, to'qima muhandisligi, kosmetika va boshqa sohalarda keng qo'llanilishi past molekulyar og'irligi, yuqori so'rilish samaradorligi va kuchli biologik faollikka ega bo'lgan kollagen peptidlarini funktsional oziq-ovqat va tibbiy tadqiqotlarda yangi sevimliga aylantirdi [{{1] }}]. Kollagen peptidlari kichik bo'lib, tarkibida kollagen gidrolizi natijasida olingan 2-20 aminokislota qoldiqlari mavjud. Ular potentsial yallig'lanishga qarshi va antioksidant funktsiyalari va immunitetni tartibga solish va antioksidlanish va proliferatsiyaning teri fibroblastlariga ta'siri tufayli terining qarishini davolash uchun parhez qo'shimchasi sifatida ishlatiladi [10].

Og'iz orqali yuborilgandan so'ng, kollagen peptidlari kichik peptidlar shaklida so'riladi va tezda qonga, oxir-oqibat, saqlash va foydalanish uchun buyraklar, teri, bo'g'imlar va boshqa to'qimalarga ko'chiriladi. 14 kundan keyin C14-yorliqli kollagen peptidlari bilan gavalangan sichqonlar terisida radioaktivlik darajasi yuqoriligicha qoldi.cistanche tubulosa foydalari va yon ta'siriKollagen peptidlari deyarli butunlay so'rilishi va organizm tomonidan ishlatilishi mumkin, holbuki kollagenning so'rilishi va foydalanish darajasi atigi 50-60 foizni tashkil qiladi [6,{2}}]. So'nggi yillarda baliq terisi, baliq shkalasi, sigir suyagi, sigir terisi va cho'chqa terisidan olingan kollagen gidrolizatlari terining qarishini yumshatishda foydali ta'sir ko'rsatishi va tadqiqotchilarning katta e'tiborini qozonganligi haqida keng tarqalgan xabarlar mavjud. Misol uchun, kumush sazan terisidan ajratilgan kollagen peptidlari pro-kollagen sintezini kuchaytiradi va TGF- / Smad yo'lini faollashtirish orqali AP -1, MMP-1 va MMP-3 protein ifodasini inhibe qiladi. kollagen degradatsiyasini oldini olish va foto-yog'langan teri hujayralarini tiklash uchun [14]. Qoramol kollagen peptidlarini og'iz orqali yuborish terining bo'shashishini yaxshilashi, kollagen tarkibini va antioksidant ferment faolligini oshirishi, kollagen tolasini tiklashi va qarigan sichqonlarda terining kollagen nisbatini normallashtirishi mumkin [15]. Biroq, turli manbalardan kollagen peptidlari turli xil ta'sirga ega. Kollagen peptidlarini og'iz orqali yuborishdan keyin qondagi yuqori faol peptidlarning miqdori va tuzilishi kollagen manbasiga bog'liq [10]. Tovuq terisidan olingan kollagen peptidning UVA ta'siridan kelib chiqqan fibroblast shikastlanishiga qarshi himoya ta'siri cho'chqa, sigir yoki tilapiya terisidan olingan kollagen peptididan yuqori edi va uning ta'siri kollagendan olingan tripeptidga (Gly-Pro) teng edi. -Hyp)[16].

Diniy e'tiqodlar va kasallik tashvishlari (masalan, jinni sigir kasalligi) odamlarni asta-sekin kollagen va uning mahsulotlarining rivojlanish yo'nalishini quruqlikdagi sutemizuvchilardan parranda va dengiz organizmlariga o'tkazishga olib keldi|17I. Parranda go'shtini qayta ishlashning asosiy qo'shimcha mahsuloti sifatida tovuq go'shti suyak kollagen mahsulotlarining istiqbolli manbai hisoblanadi. Bu nafaqat resurslarni isrof qilish va atrof-muhitning ifloslanishini kamaytiradi, balki qo'shimcha mahsulotlardan samarali foydalanish imkonini beradi. Shuning uchun, ushbu tadqiqotda biz tovuq suyagi kollagen peptidlarini xom ashyo sifatida ishlatdik, yalang'och sichqonlar D-galaktoza va UV bilan ishlov berib, terining qarishini qo'zg'atish uchun, kollagen peptidini og'iz orqali yuborishning terining qarishini engillashtirishga ta'sirini baholash modeli sifatida. sichqonlar va tegishli mexanizmni aniqlang.

2. Materiallar va usullar

2.1.Materiallar, kimyoviy moddalar va hayvonlar

Yunnan qishloq xo'jaligi universiteti (Kunming, Xitoy) tovuq fermalari tovuq suyagi taomini olish uchun ajratilgan, quritilgan va maydalangan tovuqlarni taqdim etdi. Su-peroksid dismutaza (SOD), katalaza (CAT) va glutation peroksidaza (GSH-PX) to'plamlari Soleibao Biotechnology Co., Ltd (Pekin, Xitoy) dan sotib olingan. Gidroksiprolin (HYP), interleykin-1 (IL{3}}x), matritsali metalloproteinaz-1/3 (MMP-1/3), I turdagi pro-kollagen va gialuron kislotasi (HA) ferment bilan bog'liq immunoassay (ELISA) to'plamlari Nankin Jiancheng biomuhandislik institutidan (Nankin, Xitoy) sotib olingan. Sogʻlom urgʻochi BALB/C sochsiz sichqonlar (18±2g, olti haftalik) Nanijing Junke Bioengineering Corporation, Ltd.(Nankin, Xitoy)dan ruxsatnoma raqami bilan sotib olingan: SCXK(SU)2016-0010.cistanche tubulosa ekstraktiPepsin va papain Aladdin Biochemical Technology Co., Ltd. (Shanxay, Xitoy) dan sotib olingan va boshqa kimyoviy moddalar analitik darajada edi. Barcha sichqonlar Yunnan provintsiyasining laboratoriya hayvonlarini parvarish qilish qoidalariga muvofiq ishlandi va Yunnan qishloq xo'jaligi universiteti hayvonlarni parvarish qilish va ulardan foydalanish qo'mitasi tomonidan tasdiqlangan (tasdiqlash ID: YAUACUC01).

2.2. Kolgenni tayyorlash va aminokislota tarkibi

Tovuq suyagi kollagenining ekstraktsiyasi va aminokislotalar tarkibi Liuet al tomonidan tasvirlangan usulga amal qildi. [18]kichik o'zgartirishlar bilan. Tovuq suyagi kukuni aralashtiriladi va 0.05 M NaOH, 10 foiz n-geksan va 0, 25 M EDTA eritmasiga (pH7,5) namlanadi. ) 1/10 (m/o) nisbatda. Har bir bosqichda namuna 36 soat davomida davolandi va har 6 soatda suyak kukunini shishishi, kollagen bo'lmagan oqsillarni, yog'larni va minerallarni suyak kukunidan olib tashlash uchun namlash eritmasi o'zgartirildi. Namuna har bir qadamdan so'ng neytral holatga qadar toza suv bilan yuviladi. Oldindan ishlov berilgan tovuq suyagi uni 1:10 (h/v) qattiq-suyuqlik nisbatida 0,1 foiz (v/v) pepsin o'z ichiga olgan 0,5 M muzli sirka kislotasi bilan aralashtiriladi va doimiy ravishda aralashtiriladi va 4 daraja haroratda ekstraksiya qilinadi. 48 soat. Keyin filtrlangan va filtrat 15,000×g haroratda 15 daqiqa, 4 daraja santrifüj qilingan. Supernatantning pHof darajasi NaOH eritmasi bilan 7.5-7.8 ga sozlandi va NaCl yakuniy kontsentratsiyasi 1,5 M ga qo'shildi. Aralashmani tuzlash uchun 12 soat davomida 4 darajada ushlab turilgandan so'ng, kollagen cho'kma 15,{37}}×g da 15 daqiqa 4 darajada santrifüj qilindi, so'ngra 0,5 M sirka kislotasi bilan eritildi, toza suvda dializ qilindi, muzlatib quritildi va tayyor mahsulot tovuq suyagi kollagenidir.

Tovuq suyagi kollagenining aminokislotalar tarkibi Sykam S433D aminokislotalar avtomatik analizatori (Myunxen, Germaniya) tomonidan aniqlangan. Tekshirish uchun ma'lum miqdordagi kollagen namunasi yopiq naychada olindi, unga 1{7}} ml6 M HCl qo'shildi va 110C da 24 soat davomida gidrolizlanadi. Hidrolizat azotni puflash orqali konsentrlangan va 20 ml limon kislotasi buferida qayta eritilgan. 0,22 um mikroporoz membrana bilan mikrofiltratsiyadan so'ng, aminokislotalar spektrini tahlil qilish uchun 20 mL gidrolizat olindi. Namunadagi aminokislotalar miqdori foizda ifodalangan.

2.3. Kollagen peptidlarini (CPs) tayyorlash va molekulyar og'irlikni taqsimlash

Oldingi optimallashtirish jarayonimiz natijalariga ko'ra, CPlar 1:4 0 (massa nisbati) ferment-substrat nisbatida papain yordamida tayyorlangan. pH ni 7 ga va fermentativ gidrolizni 63 darajada 5 soat davomida sozlagandan so'ng, ferment qaynoq suv hammomida 15 daqiqa davomida faolsizlantirildi. Ferment gidrolizati tuzsizlantirildi va liofilizatsiya qilindi, 0,1 foizli chumoli kislota eritmasida qayta eritildi va supernatantni olish uchun santrifüj qilindi. Elektrosprey ionizatsiyasi (ESI) bilan jihozlangan AQ Exactive HF Orbitrap yuqori aniqlikdagi massa spektrometri-QE-HF(Thermo Fisher, Waltham, MA, AQSH) 350-1800 m toʻliq skanerlash rejimida kollagen gidrolizatini tahlil qilish uchun ishlatilgan. /z va natijalar Proteome Discoverer 2.1 dasturi yordamida olindi va tahlil qilindi.

2.4.Hayvonlar sinovi

Urgʻochi BALB/C tuksiz sichqonlar (n{0}}) xonada harorat (24±1 daraja), namlik (60 ±5 foiz) va boshqa shartlar ostida saqlangan. Bir hafta davomida 12 soatlik kun-tun tsikli. Ularga oziq-ovqat va suvdan ad libitum foydalanish imkoniyati berildi. Bir haftalik moslashishdan so'ng, sichqonlar tasodifiy ravishda quyidagi besh guruhga bo'lingan (har bir guruhda n=11):(i). Oddiy guruh (N): UV ta'sir qilmaydi; har kuni 0,4 ml fiziologik eritmani og'iz orqali yuborish. (ii). Model guruhi (M): UV ta'sirlangan va D-galaktoza (0,2 ml); kuniga 0,4 ml fiziologik eritmani og'iz orqali yuborish.

(i). Past dozali kollagen peptidlar guruhi (LCPs): UV ta'sirida va D-galaktoza (0,2 ml); og'zaki

kuniga 0,4 ml CPs (doza: 200mg:kg-1 tana vazni) yuborish.

(iv). O'rta dozali kollagen peptidlar guruhi (MCPs): UV ta'sirida va D-galaktoza; og'iz orqali

kuniga 0,4 ml CPs (doza: 500 mg·kg-1 tana vazni) yuborish.

(v). Yuqori dozali kollagen peptidlar guruhi (HCPs): UV ta'sirlangan va D-galaktoza; og'iz orqali yuborish -

kuniga 0,4 ml CPs (doza: 1000 mg kg-1 tana vazniga) qabul qilish.

D-galaktoza bilan davolash sichqonchaning orqa qismiga 0,2 ml 1{6}} foiz D-galaktoza eritmasini teri ostiga yuborish orqali amalga oshirildi (doza: 1.0g/ kg-1tana vazni). UV nurlanishi 40 Vt UVA-340 LAMIP (O-panel, Klivlend, AQSh, eng yuqori to'lqin uzunligi: 340 nm) bilan amalga oshirildi, chiroq va sichqonlarning orqa tomoni orasidagi masofa 30 sm (230 m J/sm) edi. -) va nurlanish etti hafta (49 kun) davomida har kuni 30 daqiqa davom etdi. Radiatsiya intensivligi UVA{17}}radiometri (Xinbao Keyi Electronic Technology Co., Ltd., Sian, Xitoy) bilan o'lchandi. D-galaktoza va UV bilan davolashdan bir soat o'tgach, sichqonlarga har kuni og'iz orqali 0,4 ml CP yuborildi. Oxirgi nurlanishdan so'ng, sichqonlar behushlik qilindi, tortildi va keyingi tahlil qilish uchun to'qimalar namunalari olindi.

2.5. Teri namligi, visseral indeks va tana vaznining ortishi

Teri namligi ISO 1442 tomonidan aniqlangan va visseral indeks quyidagi tenglama yordamida hisoblangan: visseral indeks(g/kg)= visseral vazn/tana vazni.

2.6. Terining oksidlanish stressi, HA va HYP tarkibi

Teri namunalari to'qima gomogenizatori (TGrinder OSE-Y30, Tiangen Biochemical Technology Co., Ltd., Pekin, Xitoy) bilan muz hammomida to'qqiz baravar ko'p miqdordagi sho'r suv bilan bir hil holga keltirildi va keyin 2000 yilda santrifüj qilindi. ×g va 10 daqiqa davomida 4 daraja. Superoksid dismutaza (SOD), katalaza (CAT) va glutatyon peroksidaza (GSH-PX) faolligi va to'plangan supernatant tarkibidagi gialuron kislotasi (HA) va gidroksiprolin (HYP) tarkibi ushbu maqolada tasvirlangan usulga muvofiq aniqlandi. tegishli to'plamlarga mos keladigan ko'rsatmalar.

2.7.Teri gistologik

Sichqoncha terisi namunalari 24 soat davomida 4 foizli paraformaldegid eritmasida mahkamlangan, suvsizlangan, kerosinga solingan va dilimlangan. Teri qismlari gematoksilin va eozin (HE) bilan bo'yalgan va ECLIPSE CI-E oldinga floresan mikroskopi (Nikon, Yaponiya) bilan kuzatilgan. Teri epidermisi va dermisining qalinligi Halcon 13.0.1.1 dasturi (MVTec, Myunxen, Germaniya) yordamida baholandi.

2.8. Teri transkriptomining ketma-ketligi

2.8.1. RNK ekstraktsiyasi, kutubxona qurilishi va transkriptoma ketma-ketligi

Jami RNK ishlab chiqaruvchining ko'rsatmalariga muvofiq RNeasy Mini Kit (Tiangen Bio-chemical Technology Co., Ltd., Pekin, Xitoy) yordamida sichqonlar terisidan olingan. RNKning tozaligi va kontsentratsiyasi kaiaoK5500Spekttrofotometr (Kaiao, Pekin, Xitoy) yordamida tekshirildi; RNK yaxlitligi RNK Nano 6000 Assay Kit va Bioanalyzer 2100 tizimi (Agilent Technologies, Santa Clara, CA, AQSH) yordamida baholandi. Har bir namunaning transkripsiyaviy ketma-ketlik tahlili Biolinker Technology Company Limited (Kunming, Xitoy) tomonidan amalga oshirildi. Qisqacha aytganda, indeks bilan kodlangan namunalarni klasterlash ishlab chiqaruvchining ko'rsatmalariga muvofiq HiSeq PE Cluster Kit v4-cBot-HS(llu-mina) yordamida cBot klaster yaratish tizimida amalga oshirildi. Klaster ishlab chiqarilgandan so'ng, kutubxonalar Ilumina platformasida ketma-ketlashtirildi va 150 bp juftlashtirilgan o'qishlar yaratildi.

2.8.2. Bioinformatika RNK ketma-ketligi ma'lumotlarini tahlil qilish

Gen Ontologiyasi (GO) va Kyoto Genlar va Genomlar Entsiklopediyasi (KEGG) differensial ravishda ifodalangan genlarni (DEG) boyitish tahlili R tili klaster analizatori paketi yordamida amalga oshirildi. P-qiymati 0.05 dan kichik bo'lganida, GO va KEGG tomonidan boyitilgan elementlar va yo'llar muhim deb hisoblandi.

2.8.3. Teskari transkriptaza-polimeraza zanjiri reaktsiyasi (qRT-PCR)

QRT-PCR yuqorida tavsiflanganidek bajarildi [19].

2.9. Vester Blot

Park va boshqalar tomonidan tasvirlangan usulga ko'ra. [20], Western blot (WB) tahlili sichqonlarda terining qarishi bilan bog'liq oqsillarning ifodasini aniqlash uchun o'tkazildi. Har bir davolash guruhidagi teri lizatining oqsil kontsentratsiyasi BCA to'plami yordamida aniqlangan, SDS-PAGE (10 foiz akrilamid jeli) bilan ajratilgan, PVDF membranasiga o'tkazilgan, 5 foiz yog'siz sut bilan bloklangan va tegishli miqdorda birlamchi sut bilan inkubatsiya qilingan. antikorlar (TGF-b1, c-Fos, c-Jun, Samd2 / 3 va -aktin) kechada 4 daraja. TBST bilan yuvilgandan so'ng, namunalar ikkilamchi antikorlar bilan aralashtiriladi va xona haroratida 1 soat davomida inkubatsiya qilinadi.cistanche tubulosa sharhlariMuayyan oqsillarni aniqlash uchun ChemiDoc XRS plus kimilyuminesans gel tasvirlagichi (BioRAD, Hercules, CA, AQSh) ishlatilgan. Image] dasturiy ta'minoti har bir davolash guruhida maqsadli oqsilning ifodasini aniqlash uchun ishlatilgan va natijalar -aktin oqsiliga normallashtirilgan zichlik qiymatlari bilan ifodalangan.

2.10.ELISA

Teri lizis suyuqligida MMP-1, MMP-3, I turdagi pro-kollagen va IL-1& ning ifoda darajalari ferment bilan bog'langan immunoassay orqali aniqlandi. Tahlil to'plam bilan birga kelgan ko'rsatmalarga muvofiq o'tkazildi.

2.11.Statistik tahlillar

Barcha natijalar SPSS 21 (IBM Inc., Armonk, NY, AQSh) dasturiy ta'minoti yordamida bir tomonlama dispersiya tahlili (ANOVA) va Dunkanning ko'p diapazonli testi orqali tahlil qilindi, muhimlik darajasi p ga o'rnatildi.<0.05. originpro="" 2017(originlab,="" northampton,="" ma,="" usa)was="" used="" to="" plot="" the="" data.="" all="" data="" were="" expressed="" as="" the="" mean="" ±="" standard="" deviation="">

3. Natijalar va muhokama

3.1.Kollagenning aminokislota tarkibi

Tovuq suyagi kollagenining aminokislotalar tarkibi 1-jadvalda ko'rsatilgan. Gly aminokislotalarning asosiy qismi bo'lib, umumiy aminokislotalarning deyarli uchdan bir qismini (27,86%), Hyp esa asosiy aminokislota edi. kollagendagi maxsus aminokislota, 9,83 foizni tashkil etadi. Kollagen molekulalarining asosiy xarakteristikalari takroriy Gly-XY ketma-ketligi va uchta zanjirdan tashkil topgan noyob uch spiral strukturasi edi. Gly umumiy aminokislotalarning uchdan bir qismini tashkil etdi, X va Y ko'pincha prolin va gidroksiprolin edi yoki har qanday qoldiq bo'lishi mumkin edi [21]. Namunaning aminokislotalar tarkibi oldingi tadqiqotlarda qayd etilgan tovuq suyagi kollageniga o'xshash edi va kollagenning tipik xususiyatlariga ega edi [22].

3.2. CPlarning molekulyar og'irligi bo'yicha taqsimlanishi

Molecular weight distribution reflects the degree of collagen hydrolysis. The molecular weight of the CPs was mainly below 3000 Da (Figure 1), accounting for about 87.61%of all collagen hydrolysates, indicating that almost all of the CPs were small peptides. Many studies claim that collagen peptides with a lower molecular weight have better biological activity [23]. For example, Song et al. [24]. reported that lower molecular weight (200-1000 Da, 65%)silver carp skin collagen peptides repaired UV-induced aging skin in mice more effectively than similar peptides with a higher molecular weight(>1000 Da, 72 foiz). Biroq, Germaniyaning Gelita kompaniyasi bir nechta klinik tadqiqotlar orqali ko'rsatdiki, kollagen peptidlarining ta'siri asosan kollagen peptidlarining molekulyar og'irligi emas, balki inson kollagenining parchalanishidan keyin kollagen peptidlari xususiyatlariga mos keladigan darajada aniqlanadi. Ular oʻrtacha molekulyar ogʻirligi 2000 Da boʻlgan VERISOL③ mahsuloti teri fibroblastlarini eng koʻp ogohlantiruvchi taʼsirga ega ekanligini, oʻrtacha molekulyar ogʻirligi 3000 Da boʻlgan FortigelTM mahsuloti esa xaftaga toʻgʻrilanishiga alohida taʼsir koʻrsatishini aniqladilar [25-27].

3.3. Og'zaki CPlarning terining qarishini yumshatishga ta'siri

3.3.1.Tana vazni va organlar indeksi

Tana vazni indeksi va organlar indeksi muhim ahamiyatga ega va sichqonlarning sog'lig'i holatini aks ettiradi. Har bir guruhdagi sichqonlarning vazni sinov davrida normal darajada oshdi (2-jadval). M guruhining o'rtacha vazn ortishi N guruhiga qaraganda past edi va CP davolash guruhlari M guruhiga qaraganda yuqori bo'lib, CPlarning sichqonlarga nojo'ya ta'siri yo'qligini ko'rsatdi. Oldingi hisobotlarda kollagen peptidlari bilan ishlov berilgan sichqonlarning dozasi asosan 100-1000 mg/kg.bw·d orasida edi va tilapiya kollagen peptidlarining xavfsiz dozasi 4,07 g/kg.bw·d ga yetdi [{{6}] }]. Xuddi shunday, tilapiya miqyosidagi kollagen peptidlari (doza: 500 va 1000 mg / kg · bw · d) bilan gavajdan keyin teri qari sichqonlarning o'sishi ham bizning natijalarimizga o'xshash edi [29]. Taloq gumoral va hujayrali immunitetda muhim rol o'ynaydi, shuning uchun taloq indeksi ko'pincha immunitet tizimining faoliyatini baholash uchun ishlatiladi.Cistanche Buyuk BritaniyaThe liver index was used to evaluate the toxicity of the tested sample. In these tests, the liver and spleen indices in the M group were lower than those in the N group, and both recovered after treatment with CPs, but there was no significant difference across the treatment groups (p >0.05). Natijalar oldingi tadqiqotlar natijalariga o'xshash edi [30], bu CPlar xavfsiz ekanligini va sichqonlarning immunitetini biroz yaxshilashi mumkinligini ko'rsatadi.

3.3.2.Teri tarkibi

UV va D-galaktoza bilan ishlov berish (M guruhi) teridagi namlik, HA va Hyp miqdorini N guruhiga nisbatan mos ravishda 13,36 foizga, 24,08 foizga va 15,83 foizga sezilarli darajada kamaytirdi (p).<0.05)(table 2).="" the="" contents="" of="" moisture,="" ha,="" and="" hyp="" in="" the="" skin="" were="" significantly="" higher="" in="" mice="" after="" the="" oral="" administration="" of="" cps="" compared="" to="" the="" contents="" of="" those="" in="" the="" mice="" of="" the="" m="" group=""><0.05). among="" the="" dose="" groups,="" the="" contents="" of="" the="" three="" skin="" components="" were="" significantly="" different="" between="" the="" lcp="" and="" hcp="" groups="" and="" were="" dependent="" on="" the="" dose="" of="" intake="" of="" cps.="" the="" hcp="" group="" had="" even="" higher="" contents="" than="" the="" n="" group,="" and="" ha="" and="" hyp="" were="" significantly="" different="" between="" the="" two="" groups="" (p=""><>

Teri namligining o'zgarishi ajinlar va terining sarkmasına olib keladi va teri kollagen va HA [31] kabi matritsa komponentlari ta'sir qiladi. Gidroksiprolin kollagen tarkibidagi barqaror, boy va maxsus aminokislota bo'lib, uning tarkibi bilvosita teridagi kollagen tarkibini, shuningdek terining qarishini aks ettirishi mumkin.Bundan tashqari, terining ECMida yuqori darajada ifodalangan HA muhim rol o'ynaydi. terining suv muvozanatini, osmotik bosimni, namlikni ushlab turishni va terining suvni saqlash tizimi va strukturaviy komponenti sifatida elastikligini nazorat qilishda [32]. Ushbu tadqiqotda teridagi namlik, HYP va HA tarkibi CP qabul qilingandan keyin sezilarli darajada oshdi, bu esa CPlar tomonidan kollagen va HA sintezini rag'batlantirish bilan bog'liq bo'lishi mumkin. Bundan tashqari, HYP va HA ning ko'payishi namlik miqdorini oshirdi.

3.3.3. Terining gistologik o'zgarishlari

Etti haftalik uzluksiz davolanishdan so'ng sichqonlarning orqa terisining gistologik o'zgarishlari 2-rasmda ko'rsatilgan. M guruhining qarigan terisi teriga nisbatan qo'pol sirt, qalinlashgan epidermis, yupqalashgan dermis va siyrak hujayralar xususiyatlarini ko'rsatdi. N guruhi. Shu bilan birga, sichqonlarda terining qarishi holati N guruhidagi sichqonlardagi kabi silliq, tartibli va to'liq tuzilishni saqlab, CPlarni og'iz orqali yuborishdan keyin yaxshilandi. Shunday qilib, teri dermisi sezilarli darajada yupqaroq edi va epidermis M guruhida N guruhiga qaraganda sezilarli darajada qalinroq edi (p).<0.05). the="" change="" in="" skin="" dermis="" and="" epidermal="" thickness="" was="" significantly="" better="" after="" treatment="" with=""><0.05), and="" the="" effect="" was="" more="" obvious="" with="" the="" increase="" in="" the="" dose="" of="" cps="" (figure="" 2).the="" effect="" of="" oral="" cps="" on="" the="" histological="" structure="" of="" aging="" skin="" was="" similar="" to="" that="" reported="" previously="" [4,28,31].="" the="" increase="" in="" the="" thickness="" of="" the="" epidermis="" might="" be="" an="" adaptive="" change="" to="" protect="" the="" skin="" from="" external="" stimuli,loss="" of="" skin="" moisture,="" and="" uv="" damage,="" possibly="" due="" to="" the="" increase="" in="" uv-activated="" epidermal="" growth="" factor="" receptor="" (egfr)="" that="" induces="" keratinocyte="" proliferation="" and="" epidermal="" hyperplasia[4].="" however,="" the="" mechanism="" by="" which="" oral="" cps="" alleviate="" the="" increase="" in="" epidermal="" thickness="" remains="" unclear.="" the="" dermis="" imparts="" elasticity="" and="" strength="" to="" the="" skin,="" and="" the="" degradation="" of="" ecm="" and="" the="" reduction="" in="" the="" ability="" to="" repair="" fibroblasts="" are="" the="" main="" causes="" of="" dermal="" thinning="" in="" aging="" skin.="" dermal="" thickness="" increased="" after="" the="" treatment="" with="" cps,="" which="" might="" be="" due="" to="" the="" removal="" of="" ros="" from="" the="" skin="" and="" inhibition="" of="" the="" increase="" of="" mmps="" by="" cps.="" this,="" in="" turn,="" inhibited="" the="" degradation="" of="" skin="" collagen="" and="" elastin="" (figure="" 3),="" the="" entry="" of="" cps="" in="" the="" skin,="" and="" their="" participation="" in="" the="" synthesis="" of="" collagen="" and="" ha="" [6],="" which="" was="" confirmed="" by="" the="" increase="" in="" the="" content="" of="" hyp="" and="" ha="" in="" the="" skin="" (table="">

3.3.4. Terining antioksidant va yallig'lanish darajasi

Antioksidant fermentlarning faolligini aniqlash organizmdagi antioksidant darajasini baholash uchun eng ko'p qo'llaniladigan usuldir [28]. 3-rasmda ko'rsatilganidek, M guruhidagi CAT, SOD, GSH-Px va MDA tarkibining faolligi N guruhidagilarga qaraganda ancha past edi (p).<0.05). administering="" cps="" effectively="" inhibited="" the="" decrease="" of="" cat,="" sod,="" gsh-pxactivities,and="" the="" mda="" content="" in="" the="" skin="" of="" mice,="" compared="" to="" those="" in="" the="" mice="" skin="" of="" the="" m="" group,="" and="" was="" positively="" correlated="" with="" the="" dose="" of="" cps;="" there="" were="" significant="" differences="" among="" the="" different="" dose="" groups=""><0.05). when="" ros,="" accumulated="" by="" skin="" oxidative="" stress,="" exceed="" the="" antioxidant="" defense="" ability="" of="" the="" body,="" they="" destroy="" the="" ecm,="" which="" is="" the="" key="" cause="" of="" skin="" aging.="" ros="" can="" cause="" the="" oxidation="" of="" lipids="" and="" proteins="" in="" the="" skin,="" resulting="" in="" fibroblast="" degeneration="" and="" changes="" in="" the="" skin.="" ros="" activate="" the="" mapk="" signaling="" pathway="" and="" the="" ap-1="" protein="" to="" upregulate="" the="" expression="" of="" mmps="" and="" promote="" the="" degradation="" of="" matrixcollagen="" [21].="" although="" the="" antioxidant="" enzymes="" and="" antioxidants="" in="" the="" body="" can="" remove="" ros="" to="" protect="" the="" skin="" from="" damage,="" when="" the="" content="" of="" rosexceeds="" the="" defense="" (antioxidant)="" ability="" of="" the="" body="" or="" the="" body's="" defense="" ability="" declines,="" it="" causes="" oxidative="" stress="" and="" skin="">

Bundan tashqari, ROS sabab bo'lgan hujayrali yallig'lanish reaktsiyasi terining qarishiga yordam beradi. UV va D-galaktoza bilan davolashdan so'ng (Mgroup) sichqonlar terisida IL-lo miqdori N guruhidagiga nisbatan sezilarli darajada oshdi (3D-rasm). ), bu terining sezilarli yallig'lanish reaktsiyasini ko'rsatganligini ko'rsatadi (p<0.05). the="" cps="" significantly="" reduced="" the="" content="" of="" il-1α="" in="" the="" skin="" in="" a="" dose-dependent="" manner,="" compared="" to="" that="" in="" the="" skin="" of="" mice="" in="" the="" m="" group.="" there="" was="" a="" significant="" difference="" between="" hcps="" and="" lcps=""><0.05),indicating that="" cps="" alleviated="" skin="" inflammation.="" the'o,="" produced="" by="" ultraviolet="" irradiation="" stimulated="" the="" expression="" of="" mmp-1="" in="" dermal="" fibroblasts="" through="" the="" secretion="" of="" il-1α="" and="" il-6,="" thereby="" disrupting="" the="" ecm="" [33].="" therefore,="" this="" study="" suggested="" that="" cps="" significantly="" increased="" the="" activity="" of="" skin="" antioxidant="" enzymes="" and="" inhibited="" inflammatory="" responses,="" which="" might="" be="" important="" in="" delaying="" skin="" aging="" in="">

3.4. Terining qarishini yumshatishda dietali CPlarning ta'sir qilish mexanizmi

3.4.1.RNK-Seq ma'lumotlarini tahlil qilish va tasdiqlash

Analysis techniques, such as PCA, HCA, gene GOenrichment, and KEGG pathway enrichment were used to analyze the transcriptome data. Based on the PCA analysis (Figure 4A) and hierarchical clustering analysis (heat map)of 4303 differential genes with average channel strength greater than 100, the relative expression levels of total DEGs between the two treatment groups are shown to provide an overview of the changes in gene expression(Figure 4B). The M group and the HCP group were significantly separated, and the expression patterns of most DEGs in the M and HCP groups were opposite, indicating that there were significant differences between the mouse skin after HCP treatment and the M group (Figure 4A,B). Pairwise comparisons showed that after feeding HCPs,4303 genes were significantly expressed in the mice skin, including 1790 upregulated genes and 2513 downregulated genes(Foldchange>2,p<0.05)(figure 4c).among="" the="" sixgenes="" associated="" with="" skin="" aging="" quantified="" by="" qrt-pcr,="" five="" genes="" (including="" fos,="" jun,="" cxcll,and="" egr1)were="" downregulated,="" and="" one="" gene="" was="" upregulated="" (figure="" 4d),="" which="" was="" consistent="" with="" the="" overall="" trend="" of="" transcriptomic="" data.="" the="" rna="" expression="" levels="" of="" fos,="" jun,="" and="" cxcll="" were="" significantly="" upregulated="" in="" damaged="" skin="" compared="" to="" that="" in="" intact="" skin="" [34],="" and="" inhibition="" of="" egr1="" expression="" alleviated="" skin="" inflammation="" [35].="" these="" results="" reflected="" the="" reliability="" of="" transcriptome="" sequencing="" data,="" and="" oral="" cps="" effectively="" alleviated="" skin="">

GOenrichment tahlili va KEGG ma'lumotlar bazasini boyitish tahlili DEGlarning biologik funktsiyalarini keyingi tekshirish uchun yordam berdi. GO tahlili shuni ko'rsatdiki, DEGlar DNK replikatsiyasi, gemopoezni tartibga solish, gidrolaza faolligini tartibga solish va sitokin ishlab chiqarish kabi biologik jarayonlarda sezilarli darajada boyitilgan; litik vakuola va lizosomani o'z ichiga olgan hujayra tarkibiy qismlarida kollagen o'z ichiga olgan va boshqa tegishli genlar sezilarli darajada boyitilgan; molekulyar funktsiya jihatidan retseptor-ligand faolligi, sitokin faolligi va boshqa tegishli genlar sezilarli darajada boyitilgan (5-rasm). DEGlar tomonidan sezilarli darajada o'zgartirilgan dastlabki 20 signal yo'lining KEGG boyitish tahlili 5-rasmda ko'rsatilgan. Sitokin-retseptorlar o'zaro ta'siri, lizosoma, neyroaktiv ligand-retseptorlar o'zaro ta'siri, hujayra sikli, tizimli qizil yuguruk va TGF yo'li (p).<05) were="" closely="" related="" to="" aging,="" especially="" cytokine-receptor="" interactions,="" lysosomes,="" and="" tgf-βsignaling.="" an="" important="" feature="" of="" cellular="" senescence="" is="" the="" accumulation="" of="" damaged="" or-ganelles="" and="" protein="" aggregates.="" lysosomes="" play="" an="" important="" role="" in="" degrading="" damaged="" organelles="" and="" protein="" aggregates="" in="" senescent="" cells="" [36].="" cytokine-receptor="" interaction="" is="" the="" main="" pathway="" of="" enrichment="" in="" the="" skin="" after="" being="" affected="" by="" various="" factors="" such="" as="" inflammation="" [37],="" sulfur="" mustard="" exposure="" [38],="" and="" terahertz="" pulse="" [39].="" cytokines,="" as="" small="" molecular="" proteins="" synthesized="" and="" secreted="" by="" various="" tissue="" cells,="" maintain="" skin="" homeostasis="" by="" controlling="" the="" balance="" between="" keratinocyte="" proliferation,="" diferentiation,="" and="" apoptosis="" through="" complex="" interactions="" with="" growth="" factors[40].="" the="" tgf-β="" signaling="" pathway="" is="" also="" important="" for="" regulating="" skin="" aging[14].="" gene="" functional="" enrichment="" anal-ysis="" showed="" that="" tgf-β="" was="" highly="" expressed="" during="" cytokine-receptor="" interaction="" and="" in="" the="" tgf-β="" signaling="" pathway.="" tgf-β="" is="" a="" major="" pro-fibrotic="" cytokine="" that="" regulates="" cell="" differentiation="" and="" proliferation="" while="" inducing="" extracellular="" matrix="" protein="" synthesis="" [41].="" therefore,="" we="" verified="" the="" tgf-β="" signaling="" pathway="" and="" some="">

3.4.2. Terining qarishini yumshatishda CPlarning ta'sir qilish mexanizmini tekshirish

TGF-signalizatsiya yo'li va sitokin-retseptorlar o'zaro ta'sirining og'iz orqali CPs tomonidan terining qarishini yumshatishdagi rolini tekshirish uchun TGF-signalizatsiya yo'lida TGF- va Smad2/3 transkripsiya faktorini, shuningdek kalitni tekshirish uchun WB tahlili o'tkazildi. sitokinlarni tartibga soluvchi transkripsiya omili AP-1 (c-Fos va c-Jun). MMP-1, MMP-3, I turdagi pro-kollagen va IL-1 tarkibi Elishay tomonidan aniqlangan. WB tahlili natijalari shuni ko'rsatdiki, M guruhida TGF-, Smad2 va Smad3 ifodasi N (p) guruhidagiga qaraganda ancha past bo'lgan.<0.05). the="" expression="" levels="" of="" tgf-β="" and="" smad3="" were="" significantly="" higher="" in="" mice="" after="" the="" oral="" administration="" of="" cps="" compared="" to="" their="" levels="" in="" group="" m="" mice;="" additionally,="" smad2="" also="" increased=""><0.05), except="" for="" in="" the="" lcps="" in="" a="" dose-dependent="" manner(figure="" 6).="" on="" the="" contrary,="" the="" expression="" of="" c-fos="" and="" c-jun="" in="" the="" mgroup="" was="" significantly="" higher="" than="" that="" in="" the="" n="" group.="" the="" expression="" of="" c-fos="" and="" c-jun="" in="" the="" cp="" group="" was="" significantly="" lower="" than="" that="" in="" the="" m="" group,="" except="" for="" the="" expression="" of="" c-jun="" in="" the="" lcp="" group=""><0.05), and="" the="" change="" was="" dose-dependent.="" these="" results="" indicated="" that="" the="" tgf-β="" signaling="" pathway="" was="" activated="" and="" ap-1="" was="" inhibited="" after="" feeding="">

AP{0}} oqsili Jun va Fos oilasi oqsillarining dimerik majmuasi boʻlib, terining yalligʻlanishi va sitokin ekspressiyasining muhim regulyatori hisoblanadi. Umuman olganda, c-Jun va c-Fosdan tashkil topgan kompleks teridagi eng yuqori transkripsiya faolligini ko'rsatadi [41,A42]. Qarish teri hujayralarida hosil bo'lgan ROS birinchi navbatda AP{5}} oqsilini faollashtiradi, so'ngra transkripsiya va translatsiya orqali quyi oqim sitokinlarini (masalan, IL-1), MMPlarni va TGF signalizatsiya yo'lini boshqaradi, shu bilan terining qarishini osonlashtiradi[43] ,44]. TGF- / Smad signalizatsiya reaktsiyasi klassik kollagen sintezi yo'lidir va Smad transkripsiya omili bu signal uzatish yo'lining yadrosidir. TGF- retseptorlari bilan bog'lanib, quyi oqimdagi Smad2 va Smad3 ning fosforlanishi va faollashishini qo'zg'atadi va shu bilan COLI [14] sintezini oshiradi.

Bundan tashqari, Elishay natijalari shuni ko'rsatdiki, M guruhi terisida MP-1,MMP-3 va IL{2}}a tarkibi N guruhidagiga qaraganda ancha yuqori va Typel pro-kollagen tarkibi sezilarli darajada past edi (p<0.05). however,="" the="" contents="" of="" mmp-1,mmp-3,and="" il-1α(figure="" 3d)in="" the="" skin="" after="" oral="" administration="" of="" cps="" were="" significantly="" lower="" than="" those="" in="" the="" m="" group=""><0.05); type="" i="" pro-collagen="" increased="" significantly,="" and="" all="" the="" changes="" were="" dose-dependent="" with="" cps="" (figure="" 7).="" mps="" are="" involved="" in="" the="" decomposition="" of="" skin="" collagen,="" il-1o="" shows="" the="" level="" of="" inflammation="" of="" the="" skin,="" and="" type="" i="" pro-collagen="" reflects="" the="" synthesis="" of="" skin="" collagen.="" accumulating="" evidence="" suggests="" that="" the="" role="" of="" the="" jun/ap-1="" protein="" pathway="" has="" also="" been="" proposed="" to="" regulate="" skin="" inflammation="" [40].="" the="" elisa="" results="" showed="" that="" the="" combined="" treatment="" of="" uv="" and="" d-galactose="" caused="" skin="" collagen="" degradation,="" decreased="" collagen="" synthesis,="" and="" caused="" skin="" inflammation,="" leading="" to="" skin="" aging.="" however,="" these="" changes="" were="" reversed="" after="" the="" oral="" administration="" of="">

Yuqoridagi yo'llarga qo'shimcha ravishda, ushbu tadqiqotda CP bilan davolashdan so'ng yuqori tartibga solinadigan genlar lizosoma yo'liga sezilarli darajada boyitildi, bu CP bilan davolash teridagi lizosomani faollashtirganligini ko'rsatadi (5-rasm). Oldingi tadqiqotlar shuni ko'rsatadiki, faollashtirilgan lizosomalar agregatlarni tozalaydi va qarish davrida qarigan nerv ildiz hujayralarining faollashuvini oshiradi [45]. Bunga qo'shimcha ravishda, lizosomaning o'sish funktsiyasi hujayra ichidagi ROS kontsentratsiyasini hujayra uyqu holatini oldini olish uchun kamaytirishi mumkin. Xuddi shunday, lizosoma funktsiyasining har qanday pasayishi hujayra ichidagi ROS kontsentratsiyasini kuchaytirishi mumkin, bu esa oxir-oqibatda hujayraning uyqu holatiga yordam beradi [46] Garchi biz buni ushbu maqolada tizimli ravishda tekshirmagan bo'lsak-da, bu natijalar va oldingi hisobotlar lizosomal funktsiyani faollashtirishning asosiy usuli bo'lishi mumkinligini anglatadi. CPs terining qarishini engillashtiradi va biz buni tekshirishda davom etamiz.

Shu sababli, ushbu tadqiqot dietali CPlar dozaga bog'liq holda UV va D-galaktoza ta'siridan kelib chiqqan terining qarishini engillashtirishi mumkinligini ko'rsatdi. CPlar terining oksidlanish darajasini pasaytirish, asosiy transkripsiya omillari AP-1(c-Jun va c-Fos) ifodasini inhibe qilish, kollagen sintezini rag'batlantirish uchun TGF-/Smad signalizatsiya yo'lini faollashtirish, kollagen ifodasini inhibe qilish orqali terining qarishini engillashtiradi. MMP-1 va MMP-3 (kollagen degradatsiyasini inhibe qiluvchi) va terining qarishini yumshatish uchun terining yallig'lanishini inhibe qiladi (8-rasm). Bundan tashqari, bizning tadqiqotimizdagi topilmalar faollashtirilgan lizosoma bo'lishi mumkinligini ko'rsatadi. CP uchun terining qarishini tartibga solishning muhim yo'li, bu alohida e'tiborga loyiqdir.

4. Xulosalar

Xulosa qilib aytganda, ushbu tadqiqot tovuq suyagi kolla-gen peptidlarining parhez qo'shimchalari ultrabinafsha nurlanishi va D-galaktoza ta'sirida terining qarishini sezilarli darajada engillashtirishi mumkinligini tasdiqladi, bular pro-kollagen sintezini rag'batlantirish, kollagen degradatsiyasini inhibe qilish, terining antioksidant darajasini yaxshilash, va yallig'lanishni inhibe qilish; engillashtirish CPs bilan dozaga bog'liq edi. Batafsil tekshiruv shuni ko'rsatdiki, CPlar birinchi navbatda terining oksidlanish darajasini pasaytiradi, asosiy transkripsiya omili AP-1(c-Jun va c-Fos) ifodasini inhibe qiladi va keyin TGF-/Smad signalizatsiya yo'lini faollashtiradi. kollagen sintezini, kollagen degradatsiyasini inhibe qilish uchun MMP-1 va MMP-3 ifodasini inhibe qiladi va sichqonlarda terining qarishini engillashtirish uchun terining yallig'lanishini inhibe qiladi. Bundan tashqari, lizosomalarning faollashuvi, shuningdek, keyingi tadqiqot va tekshirishga loyiq bo'lgan terining qarishini yumshatish uchun CPs uchun asosiy yo'l bo'lishi mumkin. Ushbu natijalar terining qarishini yumshatish uchun kollagen peptidlarini amalga oshirish uchun nazariy asos bo'lib xizmat qiladi va hayvonlarning qo'shimcha mahsulotlarini funktsional oziq-ovqatlarda har tomonlama qo'llash ko'lamini kengaytiradi.

Ushbu maqola Nutrients 2022, 14, 1622 dan olingan. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14081622 https://www.mdpi.com/journal/nutrients